blacks in civil war Essay - 1355 Words

Slavery was abolished in this country over a hundred years ago but the consequences of this dark page in Americas history are felt even today. This site was created to address those consequences, the political, social and cultural life of todays and yesterdays African Americans. What affect did the Civil War have on African Americans in the United States? Were they, as some argued, better off before the Civil War, or do the advances that blacks have made since then proved that the Civil War was indeed the turning point in the lives and opportunities of African Americans? These questions and more will be addressed in the following pagesWhen slaves were purchased off the ships from Africa, they ended up on plantations. The size and†¦show more content†¦Most slave owners agreed that ideally slave unions should be among the slaves on the same plantation and that marriage should be a way of breeding and promoting morality. The master would most often officiate at the wedding. The y were then sent off to their quarters for a couple hours alone together. It was not unusual, and indeed expected, for slave women to have a child every year. Indeed it was not unheard of for slave women to have 25 children in the span of their lives, usually beginning to give birth at 12 or 13 years of age. These children rarely lived with their parents past the age of eight or nine. At this time they were either sold to another plantation or moved into the womens or mens quarters. Some states had laws forbidding taking children nine or under from their mothers, but this law was often ignored and rarely enforced. All in all, the lack of recognized marriage ties and the constant separation of families through sale, made the slave family a temporary and fly-by-night affair, destined for broken hearts and the auction block. Scholars generally agree that although slaves were considered something less than human, they were valuable property and thus often lived better than free families. The average slave quarters housed 5.3 persons and consisted of dirt floors, boarded windows, and were usually made of logs. Adult males clothing consisted of four shirts,Show MoreRelatedBlack Soldiers in the Civil War964 Words   |  4 PagesEqual Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War Historical Background Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letter, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on earth that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship. Ââ€"Frederick Douglass The issues of emancipation and military service were intertwined from the onset of the Civil War. News from Fort Sumter set off a rush by free black men to enlistRead MoreBlack Men And The Civil War927 Words   |  4 Pagesbadly and have absolutely no say in the government, they aren’t even considered a citizen, Even freed â€Å"Black men† have very little rights, another fine example why things in history makes no sense is that women were treated as second class citizen but then during Jefferson’s time women were one of the most important roles in the white house. Abraham freed slaves also makes no sense during the civil war period he said that slaves under his control were freed but the north didn’t support slaves and theRead MoreThe Black Codes And The Civil War1461 Words   |  6 PagesWith the Union victory in the Civil War in 1865, millions of slaves were given their freedom. Although these millions of slaves are now free, the rebuilding on the Sou th during the Reconstruction introduced many obstacles. These obstacles include sharecropping, tenant farming, the â€Å"black codes†, and not to forget the lack of education and rights African Americans had at the time. Sharecropping is consisted of a slave renting land from a white man and having to give up a portion of their crops atRead MoreBlack Americans And The Civil War Essay961 Words   |  4 Pages In Post-Reconstruction time, Black Americans were left reeling from the aftermath of the Civil War, and Reconstruction inadequate attempt to right the wrongs of history. They also faced the horror and humiliation of Jim Crow, the terror of the Ku Klux Klan and other like-minded organizations, and the weight of oppressive legislation. These challenges resided in the consciousness of Black Americans at the turn of the 19th century, and carried on into the 20th century. The 20th century is referredRead MoreThe Black Codes And The Civil War1705 Words   |  7 Pagesword was at the tip of almost everyone’s tongue, only it came with many names. After the civil war, slavery became more pronounced for the black people. The south then thought something ought to be done and passed laws called the black codes which begun the limitation of blacks’ rights and separated them from the whites; white supremacy began. Before, these laws would have been unnecessary because most of the black people were slaves and they were already segregated in public places like schools andRead MoreCivil War And The Black Suffrage1761 Words   |  8 Pages Post-Civil War, Northern women became increasingly active in the Black-suffrage movements in the North. They strategized that by enforcing the right of suffrage for African-Americans they would automatically receive the right to vote. Their calculations were based off of the hierarchal rules implied by the Jim Crow South. During the Jim Crow Era, segregationists feared that reconstruction would mess with the inherent order of their society by making Black men equal to White men and beneath themRead MoreBlack Americans During The Civil War1732 Words   |  7 Pages Between the years 1900 and 1919, Black Americans were able to see very few but significant changes in terms of the social, political and economic condition. In December 1865, eight months after the Civil War ended, the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted: slavery was abolished. However, in the late 19th century and early 20th century, the majority of white Americans continued to strongly believe in ‘racist theories of black biological inferiority’ and therefore were able to justifyRead More Positions of Blacks in the Civil War and Emancipation Essay1640 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letters, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pockets, and there is no power on earth which can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship in the United States. The quote mentioned above was proclaimed by African American abolitionist Frederick Douglass, and served as motivation for African Americans to enlist in the Union’s Army efforts and take an initiative in their future. WithRead More Freed Blacks rights after the Civil War Essay544 Words   |  3 PagesFreed Blacks rights after the Civil War During the year of 1865, after the North’s victory in the Civil War, the Republican Party began to pass national legislation in order to secure free blacks’ rights. Through the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the constitution, the republicans tried to protect and establish black freedoms. At the same time southern state legislators were passing laws to restrict free blacks’ freedoms. Through the use of black codes and vagrancy laws, the south attemptedRead MoreBlack And White Lives : Reshaping And Reordering After The Civil War Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesBlack and white lives required reshaping and reordering after the Civil War. The problems caused by the Civil War left white and black people in a social void where political and social identities would need to be redefined. The Federal Government was not capable of defining or implementing policies that would aide in the resocialization of elite whites, poor whites, and freed blacks. The Civil War caused shock, trauma and uncertainty. Ex-slaves had to define who they were in relationship to each

Why Accounting Is The Most Important Business Resources

Accounting is one of the most important business resources. It helps to organise, gather and manage numerical data of a business. Most businesses are interested in making a profit, therefore, it is vital for a business to control its costs by setting budgets so that this helps to ensure there is a sufficient of cash flow within the business. The role of accounting does not necessary be dealing with money, it could help and produce statistical data to assist decisions making of a business. I have found Accounting interesting because my father is a successful businessman running business currently in China, Hong Kong, ASEAN, and Turkey. Also, in Taiwan and Korea in the past for a public listed company. He works with offices in many countries at a senior level position (Senior Director of Sales and General Manager) and he used to share his working, management experience as well as point of views in financial planning and accounting issues for a listed company with me on running a successful business worldwide. Therefore, this has aroused my interest much to engage in the career segment of Accounting field because of my parent’s career. Currently, I am studying an International Foundation Programme at the University of Reading. I have undertaken four modules- Academic Skills, Introduction to Business and Management, Mathematics for Finance, Business and Economics and Information Systems and Statistics. Through this foundation programme, it enables me to gain relevant skillsShow MoreRelatedAccounting : Financial And Management Accounting1025 Words   |  5 PagesAccounting is one of the three careers that is being discussed that a business majors are able to embrace in. Accounting is where employees are keeping up with the company’s records. Accountants take actions on keeping up with the company payroll cost, expenditures, and the sales revenues. They are to also keep track of the company’s losses and profits (Hill â€Å"Accounting† 1-5). When accountants insert all of the information that they are to keep track of, it is important that they insert it correctlyRead MoreHow Business Plays A Majo r Role Within Our Society1237 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness plays a major role within our society. Undergraduates that has chosen business as their major has a huge variety of careers to choose from after they have graduated and got their degree. Business does not only mean that someone is the owner of something, but it also means taking control and being a leader of something within that company .Accounting, Human Resource Management, and Management itself are some fields that follows those characteristics and that these undergraduates embraceRead MoreAccounting Information For The Manager1615 Words   |  7 PagesAccounting information for the Manager Decision making Introduction In the context of the complexity of the enterprise-wide expansion characterized by globalization and management activities associated with the modernization, if any information for the decision making process and the performance measurement of the business management is not fulfilled, the company will not be the growth and development to adapt to changes in the business world. The effective management is required for this complicatedRead MoreAccounting Software Example1303 Words   |  6 PagesTable of Contents OBJECTIVES 3 BUSINESS INTRODUCTION 3 ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE 3 ADVANTAGES 4 COMMUNICATION 4 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 4 SALES MANAGEMENT 5 INVENTORY CONTROL (IC) 5 HUMAN RESOURCES (HR) 5 DISADVANATGES 5 ANALYSIS OF DATA 6 SUMMARY 6 Bibliography 7 OBJECTIVES In this assignment I will review the accounting software appropriate to the outlined hypothetical company. On the one hand, I will consider advantages and disadvantages of the software which are relevant to the properRead MoreRole Of Managerial And Managerial Accounting1029 Words   |  5 Pagesof managerial accounting has played a significant role in the success of businesses dating as far back as the 19th century. Service and production operations during the days of the industrial revolution were not nearly as sophisticated then as they are today. The current initial purpose of managerial accounting is comparable to its purpose throughout history. Managerial accounting has historically been useful in assisting managers with the information they need to make important decisions aboutRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management and Sales Force Automation1735 Words   |  7 Pages1. How is e-business â€Å"redefining old business models, with the aid of technology, to maximize cus tomer value? e-business is more than just buying and selling of products and services through the means of digital media. Whereas e-commerce concentrates on buying and selling, e-business encompasses e-commerce and a whole lot more. For example, e-business includes both front – and back-office applications that form the engine for modern business. e-business is redefining old business models throughRead MoreHomework chapter 1 Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pages1 1. How does managerial accounting differ from financial accounting? The essential difference between managerial accounting and financial accounting is that managerial accounting attends the needs of managers inside the organization, while financial accounting serves the needs of those outside the organization. There are also specific guidelines that are used (GAAP/IFRS) in financial accounting and is mandatory whereas there are no guidelines in managerial accounting and is not mandatory. 2Read MoreTriple Bottom Line Accounting Concept And Framework1098 Words   |  5 PagesTriple Bottom Line Accounting By: Emma Juskovic The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) accounting concept and framework was first created by John Elkington in the mid 1990’s, and has since changed the way for-profit, non-profit and government agencies measure the sustainability of their initiatives and company. The TBL framework is flexible and can be adopted and molded based on the specific needs of an organization. The framework is comprised of three parts, which are: social (People), environmental (Planet)Read MoreHSM 340 Week 2 Quiz689 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿1. Question : (TCO 2) A statement that reports inflows and outflows of cash during the accounting period in the categories of operations, investing, and financing, is called a(an):    Student Answer:   Income statement      Statement of retained earnings      Balance sheet      Statement of cash flows      Report of management    Instructor Explanation: Chapter 9    Points Received: 0 of 5    Comments: Question  2. Question : (TCO 2) Two major methods of asset valuation are:    Student Answer:Read Morewhy managerial accounting is important Essay840 Words   |  4 Pageschapter explains why managerial accounting is important to the future careers of all business students. It answers three questions: (1) What is managerial accounting? (2) Why does managerial accounting matter to your career? and (3) What skills do managers need to succeed? It also discusses the importance of ethics in business and corporate social responsibility.    I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is managerial accounting? A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Examine the difference between Financial and managerial accounting †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Financial

Nude In Western Paintings Essay Example For Students

Nude In Western Paintings Essay The depiction of the nude female model by a male artist in oil painting has played a significant role in the western tradition over the last 500 years. The oil painting of the female nude is subject to the artists interpretation of her form. She is affected by the artists desire for his model, as well as his art and she is torn between the artists inability to be both lover and painter. Hubert Damischs The Underneaths of Painting helps the reader understand the importance of the male painters imaging of the female form. By analyzing Balzacs Unknown Masterpiece, Damisch uncovers several tangents to the unique relationship between artists and the women they create on canvas. Balzac tells a tale of the truth behind the creative process of an artist and the way he perceives his vision when finally completed in oil. Poussin is a young painter who doesnt quite understand how the concepts of desire and love will affect the perception of his model, and lover, Gilette. He soon embarks on a journey that takes him underneath the paint: Under the paint and as its truth, instead and in the place of the so-called picture, the exchange assuming its last true face: a woman for a picture and a woman for what forms or ought to its subject. It is at this point in the picture where the subterranean, archaeological presence of the woman reveals itself, that something is given to see, something that can be spoken, that can be named, something moreover alive, delectable, a foothold for desire; in a word, something that looks at us unlike the inexpressible wall of paint that holds it captive, Damisch 202. There are many layers of paint put on to one canvas, but the image isnt visible right away, she must grow through the brushstrokes. When the last brush of paint touches the canvas, her beauty is revealed to the eye. The artist has created his masterpiece and she can be discussed like a real woman now; she has a name, she has the personality the artist has given her which makes her come alive, she is so real that observers feel the need to touch her and she looks right back. The paint from which she came is an afterthought and because Poussin is hungry for a piece that can accomplish all this, he chooses his work over his love. Damisch utilizes Balzacs tale to define the position of the artists heart. It is inevitable that every painter that is dedicated to his work cannot be capable of loving anything so much as the act of expressing ones self through paint. He falls in love with his creation and there can be no room for a tangible love. Here is Damisch: ne has to choose between being a lover and a painter. Poussin will be assailed by doubt at the thought that another person could look at Gilette, and look at her as only he was allowed to see her:naked. But this doubt will soon vanish: the young man will forget his mistress, he will desire only to be a painter, he will see his art and nothing else, Damisch 200. Poussin has not fully recognized the intensity of the connection that an artist has with his work and doesnt realize that Gilette is whats holding him back. Since he shares his love with her and his work, Poussin cannot capture true realism in the females he depicts. Although he loves her at this point and couldnt possibly think of letting anyone see Gilette, Poussin will discover that to let her pose for other artists isnt as shattering a suggestion when he creates the nude that will lend his heart solely to the act of expression. The artist will then transfer his feelings of obsession for Gilette to his work and he will be able to love no other with the same intensity that he enjoys his work. .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 , .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 .postImageUrl , .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 , .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73:hover , .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73:visited , .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73:active { border:0!important; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73:active , .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73 .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1adfa523e264e3c25335558ce306fb73:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prehistoric Art~Cave Paintings EssayDamisch questions the role of desire in the conversion of the female model into the artists Venus. He asks: What of the working of desire in its relation to the desire of the other? and then goes on to report that: we are amongst painters who only have eyes for painting. As far as Gilette is concerned she has no part in their commerce: she doesnt look at the painting, but sees only the painters Poussin, while drawing her, was no doubt looking at her, but was not thinking about her She does not say: without desiring her. For it was his desire that she should model for him, yet a desire which did not necessarily pass without explanation, at least for the one who was, as it were its passing object. Gilette might have added when it begs for a look: You never look at me from the place which I see you. it is only in painting that such a request had meaning, and one may at one and the same time find a woman beautiful and desire her, at the place from where she is looking at us, on the canvas, Damisch 200. The artist has desired to attain a beautiful, inspirational model to develop his masterpiece- he doesnt desire the physical form of his muse. Gilette may argue that Poussin doesnt want her for the same reasons that she wants him, but she does not understand that this complaint can only be made by the female nude on the canvas: the test of true desire on the artists part is if he can look into his painting and he feels the need to caress the canvas- then he has perfected his image. Poussin mistakes the desire he has for Gilette to model for him for an emotional desire and when she does she can see he isnt looking on her with a lustful gaze- his eye is clinical in nature. To comprehend the importance of the relationship among artists and their oil paintings of the female nude, one must understand the significance of each one of these factors. For centuries artists have tried to master the conception of the artist and his work, but this task seems fleeting: How can one artist represent the situation of every painter? Because this feat is impossible, we arrive at a variety of works that all try to express the same topic, but end up drastically different. What is true to all of the representations of the female nude by the male painter is that she is always subject to the desire and love of her creator.

Osmosis Coursework Essay Sample free essay sample

Osmosis is defined as the net motion of H2O or any other solutions molecules from a part in which they are extremely concentrated to a part in which they are less concentrated. This motion must take topographic point across a partly permeable membrane such as a cell wall. which lets smaller molecules such as H2O through but does non let bigger molecules to go through through. The molecules will go on to spread until the country in which the molecules are found reaches a province of equilibrium. significance that the molecules are indiscriminately distributed throughout an object. with all countries holding an equal concentration. For this peculiar probe I think that the lower the concentration of the salt solution in the trial tubing. the larger the addition in mass of the murphy bit will be. This is because the H2O molecules pass from a high concentration. Therefore. I believe that the french friess that are in the tubings incorporating a higher concentration of H2O than salt will h old a larger mass than french friess in tubings with higher salt concentrations. We will write a custom essay sample on Osmosis Coursework Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As shown bellow osmosis Osmosis in PlantsPlants depend on osmosis to travel H2O from their roots to their foliages. Osmosis is besides important in workss as it protects leaves against losing H2O through vaporization. In osmosis in workss there are specialised cells called Guard cells which are all along the surface of the foliages. Each brace of guard cells surrounds a pore or pore. commanding its ability to open to let go of H2O. Factors set uping rate of osmosisOsmotic pressureOsmotic force per unit area is the force per unit area caused by the difference of solute concentration between solutions separated by a semi-permeable membrane. As osmosis takes topographic point force per unit area builds up on the side of the membrane where the dissolver concentration has increased. This force per unit area prevents more H2O from come ining the membrane and osmosis Michigans. PermeabilityPermeability affects the rate of osmosis because if a stuff is permeable it can let molecules to go through through quicker th an semi-permeable stuffs as the holes are bigger and can let more molecules to go through through. Hypotonic status – When a works cell is placed in a solution incorporating lower sum of solute and a higher concentration of H2O the cell swells up due to the motion of H2O into the cell. The cell becomes bombastic and the stiff cell wall tries to keep this extra sum of H2O. Isotonic status – When the works cell is placed in a solution of similar concentration. H2O moves across the cell membrane in both the waies. The net motion of H2O is zero with no alteration in the cell size. Hypertonic solution – When the works cell is placed in a solution incorporating higher sum of solute and a lower concentration of H2O the cell psychiatrists as greater sum of H2O leaves the cell. The vacuole psychiatrists and the cytol gets peeled off from the cell wall. Such cell is known as plasmolysed cell. As shown bellow the consequence of Osmosis in works cell. Osmosis in Animal cellsAnimal cells have a no cell wall to halt them from swelling up. So if carnal cells are placed in pure H2O they take in H2O by osmosis until the finally burst. All carnal cells have cytoplasm and a cell surface membrane which wholly surrounds the cell. Most carnal cells besides have a karyon. Red blood cells. nevertheless. are unusual and do non hold a karyon. As shown bellow the consequence of Osmosis in Animal cells. Factors that affect osmosis:What affects the rate of osmosis: There are many factors that can impact the rate of osmosis ; these are concentrations of solutions in osmosis. the surface country. temperature. distance. clip. force per unit area. visible radiation and dark. Temperature: A faster temperature means a faster rate of reaction. Concentration: Water possible degree in osmosis molecules have to travel from an country of high H2O potency to an country of low H2O potency. Besides the are of low H2O potency will incorporate more salt molecules than H2O molecules and the country with high H2O potency will incorporate less salt molecules than H2O molecules. significance that the salt molecules will travel from the country of low H2O potency to an country of high H2O potency. This increases the rate of osmosis if the high H2O possible side and the low possible side have a really different degree of H2O. but it will decelerate down as they portion out the H2O and salt molecules. Dist ance: The more distance the molecules need to travel across between two sides the slower rate of osmosis will be. Surface country: For any chemical reaction. if there is a bigger surface country with the reactants. so there is more opportunity of successful hits between the atoms. In osmosis with this peculiar experiment. this is the permeableness of the murphy. whether the H2O molecules can easy acquire through the permeable membrane or non during osmosis. the easier for the H2O molecules to go through through agencies faster rate of osmosis. The permeableness of the murphy can be determined by the age of the murphy. as older the murphy is the less permeable it is. intending a slower rate of osmosis. It can besides be determined by the form of the murphy. as different form will hold different surface are. intending different rate of successful hits and doing different rate of osmosis. Size of the solution: The smaller the molecules of the solution the faster rate of osmosis. Time: The longer osmosis goes on the slower the rate of osmosis as the concentration gradient lessening. Pressure: The fo rce per unit area on one side of the membrane can increase or diminish the rate of osmosis by forcing the solution against the membrane. Light and dark: They are besides factors of osmosis. since the brighter the light the faster osmosis takes topographic point. To make a just trial certain parts of the experiment will hold to be kept same whilst one other key variable is changed. I have chosen to alter the concentration of the external solution each clip. This will give me a varied set of consequences. If any of the other variables were non kept the same so it would non be a just trial. for illustration if one of the murphy french friess was a different length to the remainder this would impact the consequences and hence would reason in an unjust trial. In my probe I’m traveling to happen out how effects a different concentration on the mass of a murphy. I will be proving 6 different concentration get downing from 0 % H2O. 1 % . 2 % . 3 % . 4 % . 5 % all the murphy french friess will be left for 24 hours in the solution. The mass of the murphy french friess will be measured before and after the experiment. And will be placed in a different type of solution 3 peaces of murphy french friess in different trial tubing of the same solutio n to do my consequences more dependable. The alteration of salt concentration affects the osmosis force per unit area in the murphy. The bigger concentration of salt in the H2O the more H2O the murphy will cut down from it self so the H2O will equilibrate what is called osmosis. Finally the murphy will shrivel and go small but if the concentration is low inside the murphy it will absorb H2O in it and go bigger. Hypothesis:Osmosis is defined as the net motion of H2O or any other solution’s molecules from a part in which they are extremely concentrated to a part in which they are less concentrated. This motion must take topographic point across a partly permeable membrane such as a cell wall. which lets smaller molecules such as H2O through but does non let bigger molecules to go through through. The molecules will go on to spread until the country in which the molecules are found reaches a province of equilibrium. significance that the molecules are indiscriminately distributed throughout an object. with no country holding a higher or lower concentration than any other. For this peculiar probe I think that the lower the concentration of the salt solution in the trial tubing the larger the mass of the murphy will be. This is because the H2O molecules pass from a high concentration. In the H2O itself. to a low concentration. In the murphy bit. Therefore. the french friess in higher H2O concentrations will hold a larger mass than in higher salt concentrations. The independent variables I have chosen to look into is how different concentration of salt affects the mass of a murphy. As the concentration of salt additions. the mass of murphy lessenings and as the concentration of salt lessenings. the mass of the murphy increases. This is because during osmosis. H2O diffuses from and country of high concentration to a low concentration. Purpose: To look into the consequence of the alteration of concentration of salt solution on a sample of murphy. The inquiry that I will be look intoing is whether the concentration of the salt solution affect the sum of H2O gained or lost by veggies. Before get downing my concluding experiment I will foremost make a series of preliminary experiments to assist me fix and do determinations sing how I will travel about finishing the chief experiment. Method:Fist I’m planning to roll up all the equipment needed for my experiment: 18 Test tubingmurphy corer3 murphies30cm swayersalt solutions 0 % . 1 % . 2 % . 3 % . 4 % . 5 %timer1 board1 pencil/ pen2 sheets of paper1 electronic weighing graduated table3 different pen colourss Then I will build a tabular array to demo my consequences. As shown on the following page. I will so transport out cheques to do certain my consequence are accurate by doing the experiment carnival. I will roll up all the equipment needed for this experiment. I am traveling to put a murphy on a board. I am traveling to utilize a murphy corer to core out a murphy tissue. I will mensurate the size and cut it excessively 4cm. I will besides weigh the murphy pieces after they have been cut and enter the informations onto my tabular array. Repeat this process seventeen more times to hold 18 murphy tissues. I am cutting the murphy 4cm utilizing a knife. Then utilizing my 6 different solutions 0 % ( H2O ) . 1 % . 2 % . 3 % . 4 % . 5 % . After I’m traveling set up the beakers and the trial tubing. I will put the murphy french friess inside the test-tubes and pure the different concentrations of salt solution into each of its ain trial tubing. Repeat this measure for each 3 concentrati on of the same solution’s. After I have poured the different concentrations of salt solution into each of its ain trial tubing. I’m traveling to exchange on the timer for the following 24 hours that I’m go forthing the murphy in the solution’s. After 24 hours I will take them out of the trial tubing. and clean them gently with a paper towel. I am traveling to mensurate the weight of the murphy french friess. in their corresponding order. Then I will once more roll up this information on to the tabular array I have planned. Method ( incorporating ) and consequenceI will so. pour the different concentration of salt solution into each test-tube and topographic point a cored murphy tissue and step it and weight it utilizing a swayer and a graduated table and record the informations consequences on the tabular array. I will go forth it at that place for 24 hours. I will take out the murphy tissues. weight it utilizing a graduated table. and record the consequences on to the tabular array. I will so compare the consequences on the tabular array and so put or demo the consequences on a graph I will plot the points above the osmotic if the tendency or alteration is positive and vice-verse for negative ( under osmotic points ) . Preliminary trial: I already know that osmosis is a procedure when a substance ( normally solution ) like salt or sugar dissolved in H2O. the solute pull some H2O molecules. and they can non travel around therefore diminishing the concentration of H2O molecules. If there is a partly preamble membrane incorporating pure H2O. and that membrane is surrounded by solution with high H2O potential the H2O. the pure H2O would spread into the solution as the H2O molecules diffuse faster into pores of the membrane. as they are smaller than salt solution molecules. The salt solution will spread more easy as they are bigger and take more clip ( therefore less salt molecules spreading ) as the pores are non large plenty. This osmosis ( this is the same for vice-verse ) . In my instance. the murphy tissues cell ( semi-permeable ) has cell sap ( really thin salt and chemical solution ) inside its vacuole. It besides has cell sap and reserved chemicals. The murphy cell besides has a cell walls that control torpidity of the murphy cell. If there is higher per centum of salt solution. which has a lower H2O potency. so osmosis will take topographic point. This means that the H2O diffuses out of the vacuole into the salt solution and the vacuole gets smaller. Thus. the cell wall and cell membrane will fall in or shrivel as there is no force per unit area being exerted on the membrane or the walls or there is less force per unit area. However. once more utilizing the osmosis theory. When there is high H2O potency in the salt solution outside than the vacuole inside the murphy solution that the H2O molecules from the sugar solution will spread into the murphy. and do it more bombastic as there is more force per unit area being exerted on the cell membrane and cell wall as the vacuole will be bigger with more H2O molecules. This means that where osmosis has taken topographic point and the salt solution has a higher H2O possible solution the murphy tissue will be even shorter and lighter. as in the solution there will be less H2O molecules traveling freely and these are the H2O molecules which diffuse therefore intending that there will be less H2O molecules spreading into murphy cell membrane. Furthermore the H2O molecule in murphy ( bulk ) will spread out do even less bombastic. I know a murphy cell will be or turgid when there is more H2O as vacuole and cell membrane can use as it is confiding by cell wall so it exert force per unit area on it therefore makes it more strong and bombastic. Prediction: I predict that if you increase the concentration of salt solution. you will diminish the mass of the murphy bit. Using this background information. I can do steadfast anticipation utilizing the osmosis theory chiefly. I think utilizing different concentration I will acquire a varied consequence. The murphy cell which has been in lower concentration of H2O will do the murphy chops longer and more bombastic. When potato french friess is put in higher concentrations of salt solution. osmosis will take topographic point and the murphy french friess will by and large go more soft. soft and flaccid. All concentrations will be step in % . all liquids will be measured in ( g ) and length will be measured in ( centimeter ) . temperature and grades centigrade. Since the vacuole in the murphy cell contain much more H2O the murphy bit in general will be heavy if the sugar solution has lower concentration. However if the salt solution is higher that the murphy bit so the murphy bit will be lighte r. as the murphy cell will hold loss mass trough losing H2O though osmosis. Using preliminary work. which I have done will hold improved my work greatly as in the past experiment utilizing a murphy french friess I have used a smaller solution which was 0 % . 0. 5 % . 1 % . 1. 5 % . 2 % . 2. 5 % . 3 % . 3. 5 % . 4 % . 4. 5 % . 5 % which showed that there was non a large osmosis alteration. I changed the slat solution to a entire figure 0 % ( H2O ) . 1 % . 2 % . 3 % . 4 % . 5 % that showed a better consequence in the concluding experiment I did. Besides at that place for at my past experiment I left my murphy french friess in the solution merely for 30 proceedingss which didn’t have much clip to do any osmosis alterations in the murphy. Therefore at my concluding experiment I left the potato’s over dark that had a better osmosis consequence on the murphy bit. Besides my preliminary consequences may hold been more inaccurate as merely carried out the experiment one time and in the concluding experiment I repeated it 3 times to better its truth. In add-on in that experiment I had besides measured the variables for mass and this was more likely to bring forth anomalousnesss as weight of excess H2O have got on the graduated table if the murphy french friess hadn’t been cleaned decently. Full Risk appraisal and just trial:I am traveling to seek to do my experiment carnival as possible through many steps. To do my experiment fairer I will do certain. When I put the murphy pieces inside the trial tubes that they are all 4cm long. In add-on. they are taken out of the trial tubing in the same order they went in. I will besides label all the trial tubing and clearly bespeak what salt solution’s there are. Besides. the same volume of 4cm of salt solution will travel in each trial tubing regardless of salt concentration. I will have on goggles during the activity portion of the experiment to protect my eyes. I will cut and core the murphy on a board. I will be more careful non to cut anything or myself. I will set different trial tubings incorporating the salt solution and the murphy bit into beaker with H2O. This will assist maintain steady temperature through the experiment as H2O influenced environment will be less affected by sudden temperature alterations. I wil l utilize the same size bore bit and pencil. When the experiment are done. I will put the murphy french friess on paper towel to absorb extra salt solution and so weight it. The experiment will last so 24 hours. as I do non desire any bacteriums to distribute or damage the semi-permeable membrane. I am taking these safeguards to do my consequences more accurate as good. The murphy french friess ever be 4 centimeters long before they go in and the same volume of salt solution will be used the concentration will change. The experiment itself will be conducted on a normal mild twenty-four hours. I will besides have on clear goggles to avoid the salt solution or any other utensils being exposed to our eyes. Safety was necessary in the experiment and I had to take a great trade of attention. To guarantee this. I did the experiment while standing in-case of any spillages that would happen. Using a cork bore bit and scalpel I had to take a great trade of attention. as they both are really crisp points and could be harmful to those around me particularly if I used them falsely. When utilizing these two pieces of equipment I was really careful to do certain I did non cut any fellow students or myself. I was besides cognizant when managing the glass trial tubing. in instance any spillages. Graph: The preliminary graph showed as the concentration increases the volume of the murphy cylinders lessenings. which clearly supports my anticipation. The line is of best tantrum and is non – additive steady curve. the line easy lessenings and goes down and easy unit of ammunitions of. The graph shows there were no anomalous consequences. The first graph showed as the concentration increases the volume of the murphy cylinders lessenings. which clearly supports my anticipation. The line is of best tantrum and is non – additive steady curve. the line easy lessenings and goes down and easy unit of ammunitions of. The graph shows there were no anomalous consequences. The 2nd graph showed as the concentration increases the volume of the murphy cylinders lessenings. which clearly supports my anticipation. The line is of best tantrum and is non – additive steady curve. the line easy lessenings and goes down and easy unit of ammunitions of. The graph shows there were no anomalous consequences. Controlled variables:Here are the possible variables that could hold been investigated in this experiment. ConcentrationsSurface countryTemperatureThe chosen variable is concentration. because this is easy. efficient and can bring forth good consequences. The other two would be really difficult to look into and step. so concentration will be investigated. The trial will be a just trial because most of the factors that will be kept changeless in the experiment. The undermentioned factors will be kept changeless: Length of Potato cylinders. Temperature- which is room temperature.Apparatus s used for each experiment.Entire volume of solution.The experiment room.Beginning of salt solution.Scale used to weigh the murphy french friess.PotatoLight strengthBy maintaining these things constant the experiment will be just trial. and will be able to give accurate replies. The experiment variablesConcentration of salt solution. Mass of potato- lone alteration in mass is needed so this does non count. The concentration varies. as this is what we are proving. The mass varies as the mass can non be kept changeless. but this does non count because merely the alteration in the mass is needed. Evaluation: The consequences I received were satisfactory and all supported my anticipation that as concentration of salt solution additions. the volume of murphy lessenings – this is osmosis and when the murphy cylinders are placed in H2O they increase in size -to signifier a bombastic province. In an isosmotic solution. there is small alteration. I feel I obtained satisfactory consequences I think if there was more clip I could hold investigated extra factors to broaden my probe and possibly even have more accurate consequences. Evaluation: As could be seen the consequences I found were non wholly right. Ideally I would wish to reiterate the experiment one time more to guarantee the consequences and decisions I have made are right. Another ground for the inaccuracy of consequences could be the fact that the setup used for both experiments were non the same. This was due to the fact that the 2nd experiment was carried out after a few yearss. so the same experiment could non be used. This may be another possible ground why the consequences were non accurate the 2nd clip unit of ammunition. Different murphy batches. and different salt solutions were used which may hold caused some hinderance to the consequences. If these were kept the same for both experiments so the consequences would be better. The room temperature is similar. As temperature is a possible experiment variable that could hold been done alternatively of concentration. it had to be kept changeless. This is really difficult to make. so the experiment was carr ied out at room temperature. but this could hold changed between experiments or during experiments. If the temperature were kept changeless so the experiment would be fairer and give better consequences. This could hold been done by making the experiment in a temperature-controlled room. to guarantee that the temperature remains changeless. The experiment could besides hold given better consequences if I had used more accurate deliberation graduated tables. to give better weight readings. If I were to reiterate the experiment I could hold perchance found a machine to cut the murphies. This would guarantee that all murphies would be the same weight and dimensions and do the experiment fairer and give better consequences. To happen better consequences. I could besides hold measured the volume of the solution left when rhenium weighing the murphies. If this was done. so I could hold seen if the volume alterations match the mass alterations. It would besides hold provided excess grounds for the truth of the consequences. In these ways I could hold improved my current experiment I carried out. To widen my experiment I could prove how concentration affects the rate of osmosis on different veggies. I could hold used different veggies. like a Cucumis sativus. Then I could happen out whether osmosis occurs with the same tendencies with any vegetable. I could besides hold done the experiment with another solution alternatively of salt solution. I could hold used sugar solution. and so compared the two sets of consequences to see if it makes a difference and why it makes a difference. I could besides hold extended this experiment by proving more solutions with the murphy cylinders. I could hold used more different concentrations of salt solution to give better consequences in this experiment. By making this I could hold found the isosmotic point. which is where osmosis is balanced so there is H2O motion. as the H2O concentration is the same on both sides of the semi permeable membrane. I cold besides have tested how the osmosis rate alterations with different murphy cylinder sizes. From this I would be able to see if the size of the murphy affects the rate of osmosis.